Into the shadows: Sanctions have reduced Russia from an oil superpower to a global energy disrupter
After four years of strict financial and technological sanctions, Russia’s share in global oil production has fallen from 12% to 11% and in overall trade from 13% to 11%. The drop may look small, but it is not the quantity but the quality that has changed most. Russia has completely lost its status as an oil superpower. Whereas Moscow once set the terms, it now plays by rules imposed on it, explains Tatiana Mitrova, an expert on the global energy system. Russia continues to sell oil, but it plays an ever smaller role in shaping its price (which has fallen to its lowest level since before the start of the invasion). Although India and China will not be able to give up Russian oil — not even under pressure from the United States — Western sanctions have still pushed Russia into the shadow market, turning the country from a stabilizer into a “disrupter” of energy markets.